Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: A Journey into Animal Models of Human Osteomyelitis: A Review

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10061135

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mouse models of orthopedic infections.

Article Snippet: C57BL/6 , F , 6–8 weeks , S. aureus UAMS-1 ATCC 49230 and S. aureus Xen29 (derived from ATCC 12600). 9.5 ± 3.7 × 10 5 CFU/pin of UAMS-1 and 4.2 ± 0.5 × 10 5 CFU/pin of Xen29. , Implant–associated osteomyelitis , Tibial metaphysis , 18 days , To develop a novel murine model of implant–associated osteomyelitis using steel pin coated with S. aureus , Histology confirmed all the characteristics of the associated implant. After one week, the mice produced IgM, which converted to IgG 11 days after implantation. , [ ] .

Techniques: Activation Assay, Blocking Assay, Injection, Infection, Derivative Assay, Produced, Plasmid Preparation, Bacteria, In Vivo, Fluorescence, Ex Vivo, Imaging, Marker, Construct, Micro-CT, Functional Assay, Expressing, Migration, Control, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Allergy

Article Title: Staphylococcus aureus causes aberrant epidermal lipid composition and skin barrier dysfunction

doi: 10.1111/all.15640

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transepidermal water loss and skin lipid profiles in subjects according to the colonization of S . aureus . TEWL (A), N(C18S)-CER (B), SM (C), and LPC (D) of stratum corneum in normal subjects and non-lesional and lesional skin from patients with atopic dermatitis. TEWL was measured using a device from GPower Inc. (Seoul, Korea). Each lipid molecular species was quantified by targeted liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and normalized by sample total protein content; the data were expressed as relative percentage within each lipid subclass. Data are presented as box-and-whisker plot, with whiskers showing 10th and 90th percentile values. All data are shown as the median and interquartile range. no SA ( n = 21), MSSA ( n = 29), MRSA ( n = 14). * p < .05, ** p < .01 by the Kruskal–Wallis test with the post hoc test. LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ; N(C18S)-CER, ceramides with C18 sphingosine as their sphingoid base and nonhydroxy fatty acids; SM, sphingomyelin; TEWL, transepidermal water loss.

Article Snippet: Then, cells were stimulated with three strains of live S . epidermidis (ATCC ® -12228 TM , ATCC ® -49461 TM , and ATCC ® -700296 TM , Manassas, VA, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well), three strains of methicillin-sensitive S . aureus (MSSA) (ATCC ® -29213 TM , ATCC ® -49230 TM , and SMC1801–45, Asian Bacterial Bank, Seoul Korea, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well), or three strains of MRSA (ATCC ® -BAA-1556 TM , ATCC-700699 TM , and SMC1803–07, Asian Bacterial Bank, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well) for an additional 24 h, prior to RNA collection.

Techniques: Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Tandem Mass Spectroscopy, Whisker Assay

Journal: Allergy

Article Title: Staphylococcus aureus causes aberrant epidermal lipid composition and skin barrier dysfunction

doi: 10.1111/all.15640

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transepidermal water loss and lipid profiles in organotypic skin cultures stimulated with S . aureus . TEWL (A), N(C18S)-CER (B), SM (C), and LPC (D) in organotypic skin cultures stimulated with three different strains of MSSA or MRSA. TEWL was measured using a device from GPower Inc., Seoul, Korea (A). Each lipid molecular species was quantified by targeted liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and normalized by sample total protein content, and data were expressed as relative percentage within each lipid subclass (B, C, D). Data are presented as box-and-whisker plot, with whiskers showing minimum and maximum values. Composite data are shown from three independent experimental repetitions using three different lots of HEKs. The data are shown as the median and interquartile range. n = 8 per group. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001 by the Kruskal–Wallis test with the post hoc test. C18-NS-CER, C18 sphingosine as their sphingoid base and nonhydroxy fatty acids; LPC, lysophosphadtidylcholine; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ; SM, sphingomyelins; TEWL, transepidermal water loss.

Article Snippet: Then, cells were stimulated with three strains of live S . epidermidis (ATCC ® -12228 TM , ATCC ® -49461 TM , and ATCC ® -700296 TM , Manassas, VA, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well), three strains of methicillin-sensitive S . aureus (MSSA) (ATCC ® -29213 TM , ATCC ® -49230 TM , and SMC1801–45, Asian Bacterial Bank, Seoul Korea, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well), or three strains of MRSA (ATCC ® -BAA-1556 TM , ATCC-700699 TM , and SMC1803–07, Asian Bacterial Bank, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well) for an additional 24 h, prior to RNA collection.

Techniques: Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Tandem Mass Spectroscopy, Whisker Assay

Journal: Allergy

Article Title: Staphylococcus aureus causes aberrant epidermal lipid composition and skin barrier dysfunction

doi: 10.1111/all.15640

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of ELOVLs in human primary keratinocytes and organotypic skin cultures stimulated with Staphylococci . Gene expression of ELOVLs in organotypic skin cultures stimulated with S . epidermidis (A), MSSA (B), and MRSA (C). Data are representative of three independent experimental repetitions using three different lots of HEKs S . epidermidis , MSSA, and MRSA, respectively. n = 9 per group. Immunostaining intensities of ELOVL3 and ELOVL4 in organotypic skin cultures stimulated with MRSA (D). Arrows point to ELOVL3 and ELOVL4 staining (red). Wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated FITC (green) was used to stain the cytoskeleton. DAPI stained nuclei (blue). n = 3. Scale bar = 50 μm. All data are shown as the median and interquartile range. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001 by the Kruskal–Wallis test with the post hoc test. ELOVL, elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.

Article Snippet: Then, cells were stimulated with three strains of live S . epidermidis (ATCC ® -12228 TM , ATCC ® -49461 TM , and ATCC ® -700296 TM , Manassas, VA, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well), three strains of methicillin-sensitive S . aureus (MSSA) (ATCC ® -29213 TM , ATCC ® -49230 TM , and SMC1801–45, Asian Bacterial Bank, Seoul Korea, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well), or three strains of MRSA (ATCC ® -BAA-1556 TM , ATCC-700699 TM , and SMC1803–07, Asian Bacterial Bank, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well) for an additional 24 h, prior to RNA collection.

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, Immunostaining, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Allergy

Article Title: Staphylococcus aureus causes aberrant epidermal lipid composition and skin barrier dysfunction

doi: 10.1111/all.15640

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of keratinocyte-derived cytokines in human primary keratinocytes stimulated with Staphylococci . HEKs were Ca2+ differentiated and stimulated with three different strains of S . epidermidis , MSSA or MRSA for 8 or 20 h. Gene expression of keratinocyte-derived cytokines in HEKs stimulated with MSSA (A) and MRSA (B) was evaluated by RT-PCR. n = 27 per group. Protein levels of TNF-α (C) and IL-1β (D) in HEKs culture media were measured by ELISA. n = 4 per group. Data are representative of three independent experimental repetitions using three different lots of HEKs. All data are shown as the median and interquartile range. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001, **** p < .0001 by the Kruskal–Wallis test with the post hoc test. MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Article Snippet: Then, cells were stimulated with three strains of live S . epidermidis (ATCC ® -12228 TM , ATCC ® -49461 TM , and ATCC ® -700296 TM , Manassas, VA, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well), three strains of methicillin-sensitive S . aureus (MSSA) (ATCC ® -29213 TM , ATCC ® -49230 TM , and SMC1801–45, Asian Bacterial Bank, Seoul Korea, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well), or three strains of MRSA (ATCC ® -BAA-1556 TM , ATCC-700699 TM , and SMC1803–07, Asian Bacterial Bank, 0.001 or 0.01 CFU/well) for an additional 24 h, prior to RNA collection.

Techniques: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Gene Expression, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction